Unit+05+Review+-+China,+the+Mongols,+and+the+Pacific+Rim

Questions for China, the Mongols, and the Pacific Rim AP World History – Fall [A] __Directions__: Answer the following questions on another sheet of paper (You don’t have to rewrite the questions, but it would be nice if you could number them correctly). The Identification Questions are there for your edification only, you don’t **HAVE** to answer them, but it will help your grade if you know the Who, What, When, Where, and Why for each of these items. Identification: In Japanese it was known as bakufu which literally means "tent office", and originally meant "house of the general". As Moscow grew in strength, the power of the Golden Horde declined. In 1380 the princes of Moscow shifted from being tribute collectors to being the defenders of Russia. In alliance with other Russian Vassals, they raised an army that defeated the forces of the Golden Horde at the battle of Kulikova. Their victory and the devastating blows Timurs attacks dealt the Golden Horde two decades later effectively broke the Mongol hold over Russia. After the battle of Kulikova the Russians weren't vassals to the Golden horde anymore, and Moscow became the center of political power in Russia. He came to by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan," he started the Mongol invasions that resulted in the conquest of most of Eurasia. These included raids or invasions of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. These campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations – especially in the Khwarezmian controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons. He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants went on to stretch the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states out of all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asian countries, and substantial portions of modern Eastern Europe, Russia and the Middle East. Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations. As a result Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories. Beyond his military accomplishments, Genghis Khan also advanced the Mongol Empire in other ways. He decreed the of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire's writing system. He also promoted religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, and created a unified empire from the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. Present-day Mongolians regard him as the founding father of Mongolia. The daimyo were the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings. Subordinate only to the shogun, daimyo were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the middle 19th century in Japan. Daimyos often hired samurai to guard their land and they paid the samurai in land or food. Relatively few daimyo could afford to pay samurai in money. The daimyo era came to an end soon after the Meiji restoration when Japan adopted the prefecture system in 1871. She was an empress of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. She was the last wife and the only empress of Liu Bie, the founding emperor of Shu Han. She supported Buddhism A clan descending from the Nakatomi clan that was one of the most powerful clans of Japan during the Heian period. They lost power with the establishment of the first shogunate. 1263: Hulagu suffered a massive defeat by Nogai Khan and led to the division of the mongol empire 1. Third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire 2. Continued the expansion of the empire after his father's death 3. Extensive conquest in China, Iran, and Central Asia The initial rise of the Sui dynasty in the early 580s appeared to be just another factional struggle of the sort that had occurred repeatedly in the splinter states fighting for control of china in the centuries after the fall of Han. Wendi, struck and alliance between his daughter and the ruler of the Northern Zhou emperor. After much intrigue, Wendi seized the throne of his son in law and proclaimed himself emperor. He won lots of support from neighboring nomadic military commanders, He did this by reconfirming their titles and showing little desire to favoring the Confucian scholar gentry at their expense. Wendi extended his empire across North China. Wendi won widespread support by lowering taxes and establishing granaries. His son Yangdi murdered him to exceed to the throne. Yangdi restored the examination system. Yangdi was all about luxury. He mad thousands of peasants work to build the grand canal. He failed in the wars between the sui and Korea. Yangdi was assassinated by his own minister in 618 and the Sui dynasty fell. The **Yuan Dynasty** was the empire established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan, after he conquered Southern Song dynasties in China. Although the Mongols had ruled territories, which included today's northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style. His realm – the **Great Yuan Empire** – was by this point isolated from the other khanates and controlled only most of present-day China and its surrounding areas including modern Mongolia. It was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368, after which its remnants in Mongolia were known as the Northern Yuan. The Yuan is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and as an imperial Chinese dynasty. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan Dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song Dynasty and preceding the Ming Dynasty. Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty as Taizu. In addition to Emperor of China, Kublai Khan also claimed the title of Great Khan, supreme over the other successor khanates: the Chagatai, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate. As such, the Great Yuan Empire was also sometimes referred to as the **Empire of the Great Khan**. However, although this claim of the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty was at times recognized by the western khans, their subservience was merely nominal and they each continued their own separate development.
 * Adkins - **Ashikaga Shogunate: Ashikaga Shogunate (1336–1573) is a dynasty originating from one of the plethora of Japanese //daimyo// which governed Japan from, the year in which Oda Nobunaga deposed Ashikaga Yoshiaki from office and unified Japan. The heads of government were the shoguns, which were each was a member of the Ashikaga clan. This can also be known as the Muromachi shogunate, getting its name from the Muromachi district of Kyoto.
 * Aguirre - **//Bakufu -// After Minamoto defeated Taira in 1185, they established bakufu- a military government capital at Kamakura. A shogun was often one of the hereditary military governors of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shōguns, or their shikken regents (1203–1333), were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor. The emperor, with great symbolic authority but little political power. In keeping with the analogy, they even used the term "emperor" in reference to the shogun/regent, e.g. in the case of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, whom missionaries called "Emperor Taicosama. The governing individual at various times in the history of Japan, ending when Tokugawa Yoshinobu relinquished the office to the Meiji Emperor in 1867
 * Ali - **Battle of Kulikova:
 * Anthony - **Batu
 * Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi (or Golden Horde ), the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde (or Kipchak Khanate), which ruled Rus, Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies of Poland and Hungary. "Batu" or "Bat" literally means "firm" in the Mongolian language. After the deaths of Genghis Khan's sons, he became the most respected prince called agha (elder brother) in the Mongol Empire. In November 1237 Batu Khan sent his envoys to the court of Yuri II of Vladimir and demanded his allegiance. When Yuri refused to surrender the Mongols besieged Ryazan. After six days of the bloody battle, the city was totally annihilated. Having burnt Kolomna and Moscow, the group laid siege to Vladimir on February 4, 1238. Three days later the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal was taken and burnt to the ground. Batu Khan also divided his army into smaller units, which ransacked fourteen Rus' cities. The Mongols also invaded central Europe in three groups. One group conquered Poland, the second crossed the Carpathian Mountains and the third followed the Danube. **
 * Barner - **Berke
 * Brown - **//bushi-Within the mini-states ruled frim the forts, the warrior leaders, or bushi, administered law,supervised public work projects, and collected revenue-mainly for themselves, not the court.//
 * Carroll - **//bushido -// Bushido is the term used for the "way of the samurai" or "warriors creed", which is a lifestyle adopted by many men in Japan, The life of a samurai is one of violence, with philosophical enlightenment and spiritual peace to balance the `previously mentioned violent nature of the Samurai. The "bushido" ideal lasted from around 230 AD to 1200 AD, Eventually the ideal was adopted into the feudal system of Japan, Increasing loyalty to the emperor greatly.
 * Casper - **Chagatai
 * Consolver - **Chingiss Khan
 * Genghis Khan,** born **Temujin**, was the founder and Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise.
 * Coville - **//daimyo//
 * Davis - **Empress Wu
 * Flores - **Fujiwara:
 * Gonzalez - ** Golden Horde
 * Jones - ** Grand Canal
 * Lee - **Heian Period: The Heian Period is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.Heian means "peace and tranquility" in Japanese, it is also named after the capital city, Heian-Kyo, or modern Kyoto. **The Heian Period was when Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese influences were at its zenith.Also, it is zenith of Japanese imperial court and art, especially poetry and literature.The Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family, held the most [[image:http://cdncache1-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png height="10"]] and even surpassing that of the imperial family.**
 * Lewis - **Hulegu -Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. destroyed most of islamic powers such as Baghdad and most of Damascus expanded the mongol empire southwest
 * Li - **Ilkhan Khanate
 * Macapagal - **//Junxi-// is a confucian philosopher he remarked the notability and loyalty that he saw in the calligraphy of scholars from the warring states era.
 * Macneill - **Kublai Khan - Grandson of Ghengis Khan, he led the Mongols that conquered China and seceded the Song Dynasty. He called his dynasty the Yuan Dynasty, which was the first non-chinese dynasty to rule China. He was also the only Mongol khan after 1260 to win new conquests in China.
 * Manivanh - **//Kuriltai//
 * Mendez - **Kwarazem Emperor
 * Muhney - **Lady Murasakiule- c. 978 – c. 1014 or 1025; Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written between 1000 and 1012. Heian women were normally excluded from learning Chinese, the written language of government; Murasakiule managed to learn. Murasaki wrote The Diary of Lady Murasaki, a book of poetry, and The Tale of Genji.
 * Munzlinger - **Li Yuan
 * Nachtergaele - **Mamluks were a group of people that were captured by Genghis Khan and sold off to Egyptian Sultans to compose strong warrior armies. Starting 1250 though, they overran their masters and became the new rulers of a particular section of Egypt. In the following ten years, they defeated the Mongols and took Palestine. They ruled for the next 250 years conquering lots of land all the way from Egypt through Anatolia. They were eventually defeated in 1517 though by Selim I of Turkey.
 * Ortega - **Marco Polo- was a traveler on the Silk Road and journeyed through China for 24 years. He was a writer and described his journey in China in a book which is really famous. He traced a route around all of China and recorded all of his surroundings in his travelogue. His writings help explain the history of the 13th century and helped create maps. This means now the world can have an idea of where places are and leads to the discovery of america etc. These maps helped the Chinese, the Mongols, andobviously many other empires afterwards when invading and establishing an empire. ** Madi Ortega **
 * Park - **Minamoto
 * Phillips - **Ming Dynasty
 * Podsednik - **Neo - Confucianism
 * Ponce - **Ogedei
 * Raison - **Pure Land Buddhism was a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasized the salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; was very popular among the masses of Chinese society
 * Reschreiter - **//samurai//
 * Thomas - **scholar - gentry ** - Scholar gentry were civil servants ( bureaucrats ) appointed by the emperor of China to perform daily governance. These officials mostly came from the well-educated men. These men also earned academics [[image:http://cdncache1-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png height="10"]] by passing the rigorous imperial exams. The scholar gentry were schooled in calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the politics of China until 1911.  **
 * Yakubek - **Seljuk Turks - The Seljuk/Seljuq Turks were part of a Turkish Sunni Muslim dynasty called The House of Seljuq. It was founded in the 10th century by Seljuq (a person, so these Turks are named after a guy called Seljuq), originating from the Qynyk (Ooh! Lookie! 5 consonants in a row! Sort of... if you don't count the 2 y's) branch of the Oghuz Turks that lived on the edge of the Muslim world, north of the Caspian and Aral seas. They "gradually adopted Persian culture and contributed to the Turko-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia." They established the Great Seljuq Empire and the Sultanate of Rum (at height, from Anatolia through Persia) which were targets of the First Crusade. It ended in 1104-Damascus (Baqtash dethroned by Toghtekin, whoever they are), in 1194-Great Seljuq (Toghrul III killed in battle with the Tekish), and in 1307-Rum (Mesud II died).
 * Adkins - **Seppuku: Seppuku was a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for samurai. Part of the samurai bushido honor code, seppuku was either used voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies (and likely suffer torture), or as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed for other reasons that had brought shame to them. The ceremonial disembowelment, which is usually part of a more elaborate ritual and performed in front of spectators, consists of plunging a short blade, traditionally a tanto, into the abdomen and moving the blade from left to right in a slicing motion.
 * Aguirre - **Song Dynasty - The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to nationally issue banknotes or true paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as the first discernment of true north using a compass. The Song Dynasty is divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (960–1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng), and the dynasty controlled most of inner China. The Southern Song (1127–1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty (nomadic Jurchens).
 * Ali - **Sui Dynasty:
 * Anthony - **Taira
 * Taira was a hereditary clan name bestowed by the emperors of the Heian period to certain ex-members of the imperial family when they became subjects. The Taira clan is often referred to as Heishi. The Taira were one of the four important clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period (794–1185) – the others were the Fujiwara, the Tachibana and the Minamoto. **
 * Barner - **Tang Dynasty
 * Brown - **//tumens- the army of the mongols was divided into 10,000 people being down in groups by every 10.//
 * Carroll - **Wendi - The Chinese Emperor who established the Sui dynasty after the Era of Division, around 580 AD. Spread Buddhism throughout China, and was a generally good ruler, died in 604 AD.
 * Casper - **Yangdi
 * Consolver - **Yuan Dynasty

> This war over imperial succession resulted in three important events: 1) The complete destruction of the powerful Taira Clan 2)Installation of a new imperial court. 3)Beginning of 70 years of history where the civil government would be run by the military, more or less independently of the emperor.
 * __ Review Questions: __**
 * 1) ** Coville - **What dynasties govern China during the period 600 - 1450, and more specifically, when do they hold power? 589-618 Sui Dynasty, 618-907 Tang Dynasty, 960-1279 Song Dynasty, 1279-1368 Yuan Dynasty, 1368-1644 Ming Dynasty
 * 2) ** Davis - **What is the Sui Dynasty so short - lived? What brought about its collapse? Who are the principle actors of this era?
 * 3) ** Flores - **What are the primary reforms and projects of the Sui Dynasty?
 * 4) ** Gonzalez - **Who founded the Tang Dynasty? What made the rapid revival of the Tang possible?
 * 5) ** Jones - **What is the significance of the Empress Wu on Chinese society? What policies does she implement?
 * 6) ** Lee - **What is the impact of the increasing influence of Buddhism on Tang/Song China? What impact does the religion have on the region during the period 600 - 1450? (this includes the Koreans, the Japanese, and the Vietnamese).  In Tang china, Empress Wu greatly supported Buddhism. She created thousands of monasteries and big statues, granted lots of land to them, made it a state religion and allowed them to be tax-exempted. Later, however, Emperor Wuzong (841-847) openly persecuted the Buddhists by destroying thousand of monasteries and forcing them to convert. The influence of Buddhism grew to such an extent that vast amounts of financial and human resources were expended on the creation and establishment of impressive works of art and elaborate temples. This growing interest in Buddhism helped to inspire new ways of depicting deities, new types of architectural spaces in which to worship them, and new ritual motions and actions. In Korea, Buddhism flourished under their royal patronage. Great works of art were created and magnificent monasteries built. Buddhism exerted great influence on the life of the Korean people. In the tenth century, Silla rule ended with the founding of the Koryo Dynasty. Under this new rule, Buddhism reached the height of its importance. With royal support, more monasteries were built and more works of art produced. The whole of the Tripitaka in Chinese translation was also carved on to wooden printing blocks.
 * 7) ** Lewis - **What is Pure Land Buddhism and how does it vary from Chan Buddhism?- In Pure Land traditions, entering the Pure Land is popularly perceived as equivalent to the attainment of enlightenment. Upon entry into the Pure Land, the practitioner is then instructed by Amitābha Buddha and numerous bodhisattvas until full and complete enlightenment is reached.
 * 8) ** Li - **What role are women given in China during the various dynasties? How does that role change and why?
 * 9) ** Macapagal - **Who are the scholar - gentry? They were people who largely governed and administrated and governed the chinese empire. They were servants appointed by the emperor of china to do day to day tasks.
 * 10) ** Macneill - **What is the impact of Neo - Confucianism on China during the Tang - Song Period, and beyond? Neo - Confucianist ideals became more prominent that Buddhist ideals during the Song Era in China. Neo - Confucianism called for strict social order and added emphasis on male dominance over women. This male dominance led to mean binding women's feet to try and make them smaller.
 * 11) ** Manivanh - **What is the “equal field” system, and what impact does it have on China?
 * 12) ** Mendez - **What technological advancements are made during the Tang/Song period, and how do they impact both China and the world at large?
 * 13) ** Muhney - **What is flying cash, and how does it impact the Chinese economy? Flying cash was the paper currency of the Tang dynasty and is considered to be the first banknote. It was never meant to be used as legal money and was therefore limited in circulation. Began to be traded by merchants as if it was real currency. After Song dynasty, paper money was finally established as real currency. Impacted economy by having a quicker way to deal with money, robbing people for their money wasn't as easy since they now had paper instead of gold. Ended up affecting the whole world in terms of money, we all use paper money today.
 * 14) ** Munzlinger - **What are the primary differences between the Tang and Song Dynasties? How do these differences impact both China and the rest of the region?
 * 15) ** Nachtergaele - **What are the differences between the Northern Song and the Southern Song Dynasties? The Northern Song Dynasty was known to be the most successful dynasty yet in China. They were very large and had an extremely strong centralized government. Nothing truly changed that much from the previous dynasties, except now, instead of Confucianism, it was Neo-Confucianism. A new art and literature age also expanded upon this new and exciting dynasty. Even to this day, some people truly think that this dynasty was the absolute best of all the others. After some conflict with the Jin 'province', the Song dynasty had to turn itself into the Southern Song Dynasty, losing a 1/3 of their land. Their government was now very weak, but their economy was absolutely amazing now, establishing many seaports, but now also being very vulnerable there! The start of paper currency also started becoming more and more popular, also boosting the economy even more! The internet was very vague about the differences between the two, so I apologize for that. Feel free to contribute your own facts and findings, and as I read on in the book and find more information, I shall update this as well! Thanks!
 * 16) ** Ortega - **What was the status of Mongol women in China during the Yuan dynasty? the status of women declined significantly due to Confucian ideas during the Yuan Dynasty. Soon women started opposing ideas that they had to obey these stupid idiots lol. They refused to allow footbinding on themselves and their daughters and kept their rights to property and their share of control in the household. Chabi Khan, the wife of Kubilai Khan, sparked these ideas because she pretty much made decisions for Kubilai and influenced him on many political decisions like improving the status of women and also peasants during his reign. Since she played such a critical role in the government, the women of the Yuan Dynasty did the same and rebelled against common ideas that they had no rights in society. **Madi Ortega**
 * 17) ** Park - **Describe the line of succession of the Mongol Khans. Who succeeded whom?
 * 18) ** Phillips - **After Ghengis Khan’s death, how was his empire subdivided, and who was assigned the task of ruling each of these regions?
 * 19) ** Podsednik - **What was the Mongol policy regarding the religion of conquered peoples?
 * 20) ** Ponce - **How did the Mongols administer the vast territory of their empire?
 * 21) ** Raison - **What were both positive and negative consequences of Mongol rule on Asia and Europe?
 * 22) ** Reschreiter - **What was the Mongol military like? What tactics did they employ? What kind of weaponry did they use? What innovations did they employ?
 * 23) ====** Thomas - **What was the basic unit of Mongol society? ** - The basic unit of Mongol society were tribes which were divided into kin-related clans whose member camped and herded together on a regular basis. These social units were fragile and seldom united for joint action. Courage and the ability to construct tribal alliances were valued traits of Mongol leadership. **====
 * 24) ** Yakubek - **What was the order of conquest for Ghengis Khan and his successors? First they attacked Northern China in 1215 and captured Beijing. In 1219-1223 were the first invasions of Russia and the Islamic world. In 1234 the Mongols take all of North China and end the Qin dynasty. 1235-1279 was the conquest of South China, which ended the southern Song dynasty. 1236 to 1240 was the Mongol conquest of Russia and 1240 to 1241 was the Mongol invasion of western Europe. In 1253 was the Mongol victory over the Seljuk Turks. In 1258 they destroyed Baghdad. The Mongols were defeated by the Mameluk rulers of Egypt at Ain Jalut, ending their drive west. 1274 and 1280 were the failed Mongol invasions of Japan.
 * 25) ** Adkins - **Why did the Mongols fail to invade farther into Russia? What prevented their conquest of Western Europe? The Mongols originated from the Chinese Steppe which was flat with little trees, going north to Russia the Mongols would have had to cross through the //taiga// where the geography was much more harsher than the Steppe. The taiga was a vast expanse of forest which the Mongols were unfamiliar with so they could not navigate through it which meant they could not conquer Russia and expand their territory.
 * 26) ** Aguirre - **What is Pax Mongolica, and what impact did it have on the global trade network? - After the Mongols conquered many lands and created their enormous empire there came a peaceful time called the Pax Mongolica. Pax Mongolica, also known as the Mongol Peace was a period of time where peace, stability, economic growth, cultural fusion and cultural development were happening around the Mongol’s occupied territories. Pax Mongolica was a time of spreading different ideas and a great cultural expansion around Europe and Asia.
 * 27) ** Ali - **How does the Yuan Dynasty impact the role of women in China? Conversely, how does the Mongol occupation of China impact the role of women within Mongol society? Under the Yuan dynasty Mongol women remained aloof from Chinese culture at least Chinese culture in its Confucian guise. They refused to adopt the practice of foot binding which so limited the activities of Chinese women. They retained their rights to property and control within the household as well as the freedom to move about the town and county side. The daughter of one of the Kubalai's cousin went to war and she refused to marry until one of her many suitors was able to throw her in a wrestling match.
 * 28) ** Anthony - **What were both the short - term and long - term impacts of Mongol rule on Russia? ** The Mongol invasion had a significant long term effect on the rise of modern Russia. Under Mongol rule, the economy of Russia grew. It expanded and grew wealthy because of the princes’ ability to manipulate their roles as tribute collectors. However, Russian unity disintegrated during this period of invasions. Centers such as Kiev took centuries to rebuild and recover from the devastation of the initial attack. "Oriental despotism" was introduced into Russia. The isolation from the West caused Russia's later non-involvement in the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and failure to develop a middle class. The Mongols brought about changes in economics power of states and overall trade. The short term effects included an influence in methods of capital punishment, which during the times of Kievan Rus' had only been applied to slaves. The Khans, or “Great Leaders” ruled the places and cities that they conquered or destroyed. **
 * 29) ** Barner - **What were the consequences of the Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Dynasty and Islam as a whole?
 * 30) ** Brown - **Who was Tamerlane? What region of the globe did he conquer? How did his empire differ from the Mongol Empire? Timur was the leader right after Ghangis Khan and was ruthless, he conquered Central Asia. He conquered more than the Mongols did.
 * 31) ** Carroll - **How did the Yuan Dynasty differ from its predecessors? What were the strengths and weaknesses of the dynasty?
 * 32) ** Casper - **What was the impact of the attempted invasion of Japan by the Mongols? Why did Kublai Khan fail in his attempt to invade Japan?
 * 33) ** Consolver - **What is the impact of China on early Japan?
 * 34) ** Coville - **How do the Chinese impact Japanese society during the period of warring daimyos? Zen Buddhism was practiced by the warrior elites. Zen monasteries provided key points of renewed diplomatic trade contacts with China, which led to a revival in Chinese influence in Japan. Many paintings made by the Japanese were imitated from earlier Chinese works but were still original and beautiful.
 * 35) ** Davis - **What was life like at the imperial court at Heian?
 * 36) ** Flores - **What was the purpose of the Taika Reforms in 646?
 * 37) ** Gonzalez - **What is the role of the following in society: Shogun, //bushi//, samurai, aristocracy?
 * 38) ** Jones - **What’s a //bakufu//, and how does it relate to both the Japanese emperor and the Japanese government?
 * 39) ** Lee - **What was the Gempei War? What impact does it have on Japan? The Gempei War (1180–1185) was a conflict between the Taira and Minamoto clans during the late-Heian period of Japan. It resulted in the fall of the Taira clan and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate under Minamoto Yoritomo in 1192. It began with Minamoto support for a different candidate to take the throne, in conflict with the Taira's nomination. The ensuing Battle of Uji took place just outside Kyoto, starting a five-year long war, concluding with a decisive Minamoto victory in the naval Battle of Dan-no-ura.
 * 1) ** Lee - **What was the Gempei War? What impact does it have on Japan? The Gempei War (1180–1185) was a conflict between the Taira and Minamoto clans during the late-Heian period of Japan. It resulted in the fall of the Taira clan and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate under Minamoto Yoritomo in 1192. It began with Minamoto support for a different candidate to take the throne, in conflict with the Taira's nomination. The ensuing Battle of Uji took place just outside Kyoto, starting a five-year long war, concluding with a decisive Minamoto victory in the naval Battle of Dan-no-ura.
 * 1) ** Lewis - **Who is Yoritomo and what is relationship with the Taira family?
 * 2) ** Li - **What is the Shogun? What purpose does it serve in Japan, and when is it established?
 * 3) ** Macapagal - **What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on: the peasantry, the aristocracy, the bushi?-
 * 4) ** Macneill - **What is a daimyo, and what role did it play in Japanese politics? Subordinate only to the shogun, daimyo were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the middle 19th century in Japan. From the shugo of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history.
 * 5) ** Manivanh - **What impact does civil unrest in Japan have on the government? What is the role of the emperor after each successive civil war or uprising?
 * 6) ** Mendez - **Can you locate any of these places/dynasties on a map? (it’s always a good idea to know what territory these states occupy? How do these states compare to one another? What accounts for the changes in their borders?